In Vitro Anti-Colorectal Cancer and Anti-Microbial Effects of Pinus roxburghii and Nauplius graveolens Extracts Modulated by Apoptotic Gene Expression

The use of phytochemicals is gaining increasing attention for treating cancer morbidity with minimal burden side effects. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities Pinus roxburghii branch (P. roxburghii) Nauplius graveolens (N. graveolens) extracts in vitro. Cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. DNA fragmentation determined to detect apoptotic pathway initiation. Mechanistically, tracked by estimating relative mRNA expression levels Bcl-2, Bax, Cas3, NF-κB, PI3k genes qRT-PCR. P. exhibited moderate antioxidant activity, while N. possessed highly significant (p < 0.05) scavenging activity against DPPH ABTS assays. HPLC analysis demonstrated that catechin chlorogenic acid were predominant polyphenolic compounds graveolens, respectively. inhibited HCT-116 cells IC50 values 30.6 µg mL−1 26.5 mL−1, showed proposed induced apoptosis cells. Moreover, doses selected significantly upregulated Bax cleaved Cas-3, downregulated versus GAPDH gene as a housekeeping comparison control group. Bax/Bcl-2 ratio raised upon treatment. mentioned action all tested bacteria fungi. highest antibacterial effect recorded E. coli, inhibition zones 12.0 11.2 mm On other hand, antifungal registered Penicillium verrucosum A. niger, 9.8 9.2 extracts, In conclusion, outcomes this indicate could potentially be used anticancer, antibacterial, agents.